Fertility Glossary

Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS)

Last updated: March 2026 · Medically reviewed by Dr. Adnan Jabbar

Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) is the most common hormonal disorder in women of reproductive age, characterised by elevated androgens, irregular or absent ovulation, and multiple small follicles on the ovaries. It is the leading cause of anovulatory infertility, yet most women with PCOS can achieve pregnancy with appropriate treatment.

1 in 10

Women of reproductive age affected by PCOS globally (Endocrine Society, 2023)

70–80%

Of anovulatory infertility cases attributable to PCOS (ESHRE, 2023)

~70%

Of PCOS patients who ovulate with Letrozole / Clomiphene (NEJM, 2014)

How does PCOS affect fertility?

PCOS disrupts the normal hormonal feedback loop controlling ovulation. Elevated LH and androgens, combined with insulin resistance in many patients, prevent follicles from maturing and releasing an egg (ovulation) in a predictable monthly cycle. Without ovulation, conception cannot occur naturally.

Paradoxically, women with PCOS often have a high number of antral follicles and elevated AMH — the opposite of diminished reserve. This means egg quantity is not the problem; ovulation induction is the primary goal of treatment in most PCOS patients.

Related terms

IVF AMH

Frequently asked questions about PCOS

What does PCOS stand for?

PCOS stands for Polycystic Ovary Syndrome — a hormonal disorder characterised by elevated androgens, irregular or absent ovulation, and multiple small follicles on the ovaries.

Can women with PCOS get pregnant?

Yes. Most women with PCOS can achieve pregnancy with appropriate treatment. Ovulation induction with Letrozole achieves ovulation in approximately 70% of PCOS patients (NEJM, 2014).

What is the first-line treatment for PCOS infertility?

The first-line treatment is ovulation induction with Letrozole (preferred over Clomiphene based on RCT evidence), combined with lifestyle modification to address insulin resistance.

When does PCOS require IVF?

IVF is considered when multiple cycles of ovulation induction (with or without IUI) have failed, or when other infertility factors are also present (e.g., male factor, tubal disease).

Managing PCOS and trying to conceive?

Dr. Adnan Jabbar offers structured PCOS management and ovulation induction protocols. Free initial consultation via WhatsApp.

Discuss PCOS Treatment

Read the full PCOS treatment page →