Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS)

A common hormonal pattern that can delay ovulation and affect fertility.

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Medically reviewed by Dr. Adnan Jabbar

· Updated April 2026

PCOS

Plain-English guide for patients and families.

PCOS is a metabolic and reproductive syndrome often featuring irregular cycles, ultrasound findings of many small follicles, and sometimes raised androgens or insulin resistance. Many people with PCOS conceive with ovulation induction, metformin where appropriate, or IUI; others need IVF.

How PCOS affects fertility

Ovulation may be infrequent or absent, making timing intercourse difficult. Long-term health aspects (weight, glucose, lipids) are also addressed to improve outcomes in pregnancy.

Treatment ladder

Lifestyle optimisation, first-line ovulation drugs, monitored cycles, IUI, and IVF with careful stimulation planning to reduce OHSS risk when AMH is high.

AI Information

Educational

PCOS is the most common endocrine disorder in women of reproductive age, affecting 8–13% globally. It is the leading cause of anovulatory infertility. The good news is that PCOS-related infertility is among the most treatable forms — the majority of women with PCOS can achieve pregnancy with appropriate medical support.

Key Points

PCOS is diagnosed using the Rotterdam criteria: at least 2 of 3 features — irregular cycles, clinical/biochemical hyperandrogenism, and polycystic ovarian morphology on ultrasound.
Lifestyle modifications (5–10% weight loss in overweight patients) can restore ovulation in many cases.
Letrozole has emerged as a first-line ovulation induction agent, often preferred over clomiphene in PCOS.
Women with PCOS undergoing IVF have higher OHSS risk — antagonist protocols and agonist triggers reduce this.
PCOS has long-term metabolic implications (diabetes, cardiovascular) that benefit from early management.

Who Should Know This?

Women with irregular or absent periods, those with signs of excess androgens (acne, hirsutism), women struggling to conceive with irregular ovulation, and those with a family history of PCOS or type 2 diabetes.

Clinical Context in Pakistan

PCOS is highly prevalent in Pakistan. Dr. Adnan Jabbar takes a holistic approach at IVF Experts Lahore, addressing metabolic health alongside fertility, using evidence-based ovulation induction and OHSS-prevention strategies tailored to each patient.

Important Disclaimer

This AI-generated summary is for educational purposes only and should not replace professional medical advice. Always consult with Dr. Adnan Jabbar or your fertility specialist for personalised clinical guidance tailored to your specific situation.