Prolactin
Plain-English guide for patients and families.
Prolactin should be interpreted with fasting, rest, and repeat testing if mildly raised (stress or breast stimulation can skew results). Persistent hyperprolactinemia may need imaging of the pituitary and medications such as cabergoline under specialist care.
Symptoms
Galactorrhoea, cycle disruption, headaches/visual changes if a prolactinoma is large — urgent pathways differ by case.
AI Information
EducationalProlactin is produced by the anterior pituitary gland and is best known for its role in lactation. Elevated prolactin (hyperprolactinemia) suppresses GnRH pulsatility, which in turn reduces FSH and LH secretion — leading to anovulation, irregular periods, and infertility. It is one of the most treatable causes of infertility when properly diagnosed.
Key Points
- Mild prolactin elevation can be caused by stress, medications (antipsychotics, antidepressants), or improper sample collection — always repeat testing.
- Prolactinomas (benign pituitary tumours) are the most common pathological cause and respond well to dopamine agonists.
- Cabergoline is the preferred treatment — it normalises prolactin and restores ovulation in 80–90% of cases.
- Macroprolactinemia (presence of "big-big" prolactin) is a common lab finding that may not require treatment.
- MRI of the pituitary should be considered when prolactin is significantly elevated (>100 ng/mL) or symptoms suggest a mass.
Who Should Know This?
Women with irregular or absent periods, unexplained infertility with anovulation, galactorrhoea (milky nipple discharge), or headaches/visual disturbances, and men with low libido or hypogonadism.
Clinical Context in Pakistan
Prolactin testing with proper sample collection technique is available at IVF Experts Lahore. Dr. Adnan Jabbar ensures repeat testing with standardised conditions before initiating treatment, and coordinates with endocrinology when pituitary imaging is needed.
Important Disclaimer
This AI-generated summary is for educational purposes only and should not replace professional medical advice. Always consult with Dr. Adnan Jabbar or your fertility specialist for personalised clinical guidance tailored to your specific situation.
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